Analysis of its essential oil has identified over two dozen compounds, although the compounds detected and their relative prevalence have not been consistent. The phytochemistry of Russian sage is under basic research.
The fruits develop about a month after flowering, and consist of dark brown oval nutlets, about 2 mm × 1 mm ( 2⁄ 25 in × 1⁄ 25 in). Gardening author Neil Soderstrom describes the appearance of the flowers from a distance as "like a fine haze or fog". The style has been reported in both an exserted-extending beyond the flower's tube-form and one contained within the flower all known examples of S. yangii in cultivation have exserted styles. The corolla is tube-shaped, formed from a four-lobed upper lip and a slightly shorter lower lip the blue or violet blue petals are about 1 cm long. Each flower's calyx is purple, densely covered in white or purple hairs, and about 4 millimetres ( 1⁄ 8 in) long. Each of these branches is a raceme, with the individual flowers arranged in pairs called verticillasters. The inflorescence is a showy panicle, 30–38 cm long (12–15 in), with many branches. The flowering season of S. yangii can be as long as June through October, although populations in some parts of its range, such as China, may bloom in a much more restricted period. The foliage is aromatic, especially when crushed, with a fragrance described as sage-like, a blend of sage and lavender, or like turpentine. Leaves near the top of branches may merge into bracts. They are pinnatipartite, with a deeply incised leaf margin that may be either wavy or sharp-toothed even within a single community of S. yangii, there can be considerable variation in the details of leaf shape. The overall leaf shape is oblate, a rounded shape longer than it is wide, to lanceolate, shaped like the head of a lance. They are generally 3–5 centimetres ( 1 + 1⁄ 4–2 inches) long and 0.8–2 cm ( 1⁄ 4– 3⁄ 4 in) wide, although narrower in some populations. The grayish-green leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, and attached to the stems by a short petiole.
Especially during autumn, these hairs give the stems a silvery appearance. The rigid stems are square in cross-section, and are covered by an indumentum formed by stellate, or star-shaped, trichomes and oil droplets. The mature plant may be 0.6–1.2 m (2–4 ft) across. Multiple branches arise from a shared rootstalk, growing to a height of 0.5–1.2 metres ( 1 + 1⁄ 2–4 feet), with occasional specimens reaching 1.5 m (5 ft). Superficially, it resembles a much larger version of lavender. Salvia yangii is a deciduous perennial subshrub with an erect to spreading habit. Its flowers can be eaten in salads or crushed for dyemaking, and the plant has been considered for potential use in the phytoremediation of contaminated soil.įlowers, showing the hair-covered calyx, tube-shaped corolla, and exserted style This has led to the investigation of its phytochemistry. The species has a long history of use in traditional medicine in its native range, where it is employed as a treatment for a variety of ailments. S. yangii was the Perennial Plant Association's 1995 Plant of the Year, and the 'Blue Spire' cultivar received the Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society. This variation has been widely used in gardens and landscaping. Several cultivars have been developed, differing primarily in leaf shape and overall height 'Blue Spire' is the most common. Successful over a wide range of climate and soil conditions, it has since become popular and widely planted. It is native to the steppes and hills of southwestern and central Asia. Its flowering season extends from mid-summer to late October, with blue to violet blossoms arranged into showy, branched panicles. It has an upright habit, typically reaching 0.5–1.2 metres ( 1 + 1⁄ 2–4 feet) tall, with square stems and gray-green leaves that yield a distinctive odor when crushed. Although not previously a member of Salvia, the genus widely known as sage, since 2017 it has been included within them. Salvia yangii, previously known as Perovskia atriplicifolia ( / p ə ˈ r ɒ v s k i ə æ t r ɪ p l ɪ s ɪ ˈ f oʊ l i ə/), and commonly called Russian sage, is a flowering herbaceous perennial plant and subshrub.
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